Excessive nausea and vomiting during pregnancy is one of the complaints that should be seen by a doctor. When experiencing it, pregnant women can become weak and difficult to eat. If left untreated, this condition called hyperemesis gravidarum can be harmful to the mother and fetus.
Excessive vomiting during pregnancy usually occurs at 4-6 weeks of pregnancy and reaches its peak in weeks 9-13 of pregnancy.
Generally the usual nausea and vomiting will subside after passing through the first trimester of pregnancy, but excessive vomiting caused by hyperemesis gravidarum can continue until the 20th week, even throughout pregnancy.
In addition to disrupting daily activities, this condition can also result in dehydration and weight loss, because pregnant women are unable to eat and drink.
Causes of Hyperemesis Gravidarum
The cause of hyperemesis gravidarum is not yet clearly known. However, this condition is often associated with hormonal changes experienced by pregnant women. Pregnancy hormones that are known to influence the appearance of excessive vomiting are human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and estrogen.
Apart from hormonal factors, excessive vomiting during pregnancy is also usually more risky to occur in women with the following conditions:
- First time pregnant.
- Pregnant daughter or pregnant twins.
- Has had hyperemesis gravidarum in a previous pregnancy.
- Having a mother or sister who has hyperemesis gravidarum.
- Being overweight or obese during pregnancy.
- Pregnant wine.
- Have certain diseases, such as thyroid disease, peptic ulcers, stomach acid disease, and migraines.
Signs and Symptoms of Hyperemesis Gravidarum
A pregnant woman is said to suffer from hyperemesis gravidarum if she feels the following signs and symptoms:
- Nausea constantly
- Vomiting more than 3-4 times a day
- Dizzy
- Reduced weight due to vomiting too often
- Dehydration due to frequent vomiting
- Rarely urinating
- Limp
- Decreased blood pressure
- The skin is pale and feels cold
- Passed out
If nausea, vomiting does not cause some of the above symptoms, chances are it is a symptom of nausea that is normal vomiting in pregnant women (morning sickness).
However, if nausea and vomiting are felt to be so severe that several other symptoms appear above, then pregnant women should immediately consult a doctor to get further treatment.
How to Overcome Hyperemesis Gravidarum
If not treated immediately, hyperemesis gravidarum can increase the risk of premature births or low birth weight (LBW). Babies born prematurely or with LBW are vulnerable to various health problems.
Whereas in pregnant women, excessive vomiting can cause severe dehydration, malnutrition, and shock which can be fatal. In treating hyperemesis gravidarum, the doctor will adjust the treatment to the severity of the symptoms and the presence or absence of complications.
Meanwhile, to relieve symptoms, pregnant women can do the following ways:
- Eat and drink in small but frequent portions.
- Consuming mint candy or ginger water.
- Take a pregnancy supplement that contains vitamin B6 or B1 according to the doctor's recommended dosage.
- Enough rest.
- Consuming electrolyte drinks or ionic drinks to overcome dehydration.
- Pressing the point in the middle of the wrist, exactly three fingers from the crease of the wrist and between two tendons. Press the point firmly for three minutes.
- Get a massage.
If excessive vomiting during pregnancy makes it difficult for pregnant women to eat or drink, your doctor will recommend providing nutrients and fluids through an IV. The doctor may also give medicines to treat nausea and vomiting. This drug can be given orally (orally), by injection, or through an IV.
If pregnant women experience excessive vomiting during pregnancy, check with your obstetrician or hospital to get the right treatment as early as possible. This is important to do to prevent complications in pregnant women and fetuses, such as dehydration and malnutrition.
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